Hungarian
Awards
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Hungarian
Military Awards
The Hungarian awards
shown below were rendered only to Nationals with the exception of the Fire
Cross and Bravery Order, which were awarded to Germans as well.
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The Order
of Vitez
The Hungarian "Vitezi Rend" (ORDER OF HEROES) award was created by orders of the Regent
of Hungary Admiral Nicholas Horthy and instituted on 20 August 1920.
This beautiful award also referred as the "Knightly Order of Bravery" shows the Hungarian
coat-of-arms in full enamel color on a blue background. On the left is green oak leaves;
on right, gold ears of corn. The reverse also has two wide flat prongs integral to the badge
and a three digit serial number "455."
This very high prestigious nobility award was given
for military or civil distinction. It was the first public decoration after the restoration
of the national government. The members of this organization that served in World War I
received a large piece of land due to estate reform. They were taken up into the organization
by being knighted and they use the titel vitéz before their names. This title is hereditary.
The badge was worn on the left breast pocket. Recipient had the title
"Vitez" (Knight), which could be passed on to his eldest son. By 1943, over 14,000
had been awarded. No person of Jewish faith could be a member of the order.
However according to Dr. János Szentváry-Lukács some officers of jewish faith did in fact received the order. There was no term in the original document or any order for excluding jews.
A small
22mm pin was worn in civilian clothing.
It should be noted that the recipient of both awards was a German
General as stated by the German dealer Detlev Niemann. However, according to Mr. Peter Czink of the Vancouver Chapter, World Federation
of Hungarian Veterans, this badge as well as the Leadership Badge were only awarded to
Hungarian Nationals
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Combat
Leadership Badge
The
Hungarian Officer’s "Csapattiszti Jelveny" (Combat Leadership) award was
instituted in early 1922. Dr. János Szentváry-Lukács stated that the Official
Hungarian Gazette posted information with regulations on the award in 1922 and
1927. Also that photographs of the badge were illustrated in the Hungarian
Gazette in 1928, 1935 and 1939.
The Leadership Combat Badge was issued to those officers that served directly in the Front-Line with his troops. The recipient must have served in troop strength of a regiment size or below and had served in either of the following military branches: Infantry, Calvary, Artillery, Armor, Engineering and Regimental Command.
The badge is surrounded with a green wreath and hills
the rest is gilt. The center shows a hand holding a sword with the Hungarian
Coat-of-arms in the background. The reverse shows two long wide flat metal
prongs.
Awarded for the completion of certain combat training courses and for sound
leadership in battle..
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Hungarian
Order of Merit
Instituted in June 1922 as the Cross of Merit in three grades: bronze, silver and
gilt. Eventually the Order was expanded as follows: Knight, Officer, Commander,
Grand Commander, Grand Cross and Grand Cross with Holy Crown.
The ribbon or sash for all classes was plain green. However, in 1939 the ribbon
color change for combat personal to red with narrow white/green edges.
Illustrated above is the Officer grade without swords. The cross has white
enamel with gilt edges. In the center it has a gilt color double cross and hills
on a red enamel background surrounded by a green laurel leaves.
The reverse shows a bronze medallion center with a Latin motto "Si Deus pro nobis
quis contra nos" (If God is with us who is against us) and the year the award was
instituted "1922." It also has a catch, hinge and a long pin.
For military combatants swords and green laurel leaves were added.
The Officer's cross was worn on the left breast pocket of the tunic.
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Hungarian
Bravery Award
These medals, inherited from the Austria-Hungaria era, were originally instituted in
1922 in silver class only. The obverse shows the bust of the Regent, Admiral Miklos Horthy,
the reverse the arms of Hungary with St. Stephen's crown above and crossed swords
behind the shield. The reverse inscription reads "VITEZSEGERT."
By 14 April 1939 (gold, large silver, small silver and bronze)
awards were issued to non-commissioned officers and men.
On 12 September 1942 the gold medal
for bravery Officer's award was added. The Officer's large gold medal also had a small Hungarian
crown, open laurel wreath and crossed swords attached to the ribbon.
Above is a very nice rare Gold Bravery award from the collection of Mr. Charels.
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The Fire
Cross
The Hungarians
awarded a medal that look similar and had the same significance as the German War
Merit Cross. This medal was referred as the "Fire Cross" and was instituted on the
24 November 1941 and was awarded to those who defended their homeland. No special merit was required. Interestingly
it was also rendered to wounded personnel. There were three similar types of Fire
Crosses that were awarded to service men, civilians and home defense personnel. For
those mobilized for home defense received a plain cross medal and a circular center
piece with the inscription "AHAZAERT" (For Fatherland). The difference in the medal
for non-combatant was a circular laurel wreath surrounding the inscription. The medal
illustrated is a combatant type, which has two swords crossing on opposite sides and
the date "1942" listed below the cross. The plain backside shows the date "1941"
inscribed in the center. The ribbon is the same for all three grades: white/green
with right lateral stripes and green/red and white vertical edges.
For the wounded a horizontal bronze metal bar was attached on the ribbon.
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